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Physical Therapist’s Guide to Below-Knee Amputation Lower-limb amputation is a surgical procedure performed to remove a limb that has been damaged due to trauma or disease. Below-knee or “trans-tibial” amputation comprises 23% of lower-limb amputations. Amputation is possible in any age group, but the prevalence is highest among people aged …

Physical Therapist’s Guide to Pressure Ulcer (Bed Sore) A pressure ulcer, sometimes called a “bed sore,” is a skin injury that occurs in about 40,000 people every year. Usually, pressure sores happen when people are very ill for a long period of time and are not able to change their …

Physical Therapist’s Guide to Balance Problems Balance problems make it difficult for people to maintain stable and upright positions when standing, walking, and even sitting. Older people are at a higher risk of having balance problems; 75% of Americans older than 70 years are diagnosed as having “abnormal” balance. Older …

Physical Therapist’s Guide to Low Back Pain If you have low back pain, you are not alone. At any given time, about 25% of people in the United States report having low back pain within the past 3 months. In most cases, low back pain is mild and disappears on …

Physical Therapist’s Guide to Autism Spectrum Disorder Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience delays in the development of basic skills in specific areas. They have difficulty interacting and communicating socially, and they show limited and repetitive patterns of behavior. Children with ASD may rely on routines, such as putting …

Physical Therapist’s Guide to Osteoarthritis “Arthritis” is a term used to describe inflammation of the joints. Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis and usually is caused by the deterioration of a joint. Typically, the weight-bearing joints are affected, with the knee and the hip being the most …

Physical Therapist’s Guide to Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Tear An anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear is an injury to the knee commonly affecting athletes, such as soccer players, basketball players, skiers, and gymnasts. Nonathletes can also experience an ACL tear due to injury or accident. Approximately 200,000 ACL injuries are …

Physical Therapist’s Guide to Ankylosing Spondylitis Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is an inflammatory disease that causes pain and stiffness in the spine, pelvis, and other joints, like the hips, knees, feet, and shoulders. AS is a chronic (lifelong) disease, and it is hereditary. Although a majority of people who have AS …

Physical Therapist’s Guide to Ankle Sprain Ankle sprains are common injuries that occur when the foot twists or turns beyond its normal range of movement, causing the ligaments of the ankle to overstretch or tear. It is estimated that 23,000 Americans experience ankle sprains daily. Of all sports injuries in …

Physical Therapist’s Guide to Ankle Impingement Ankle impingement occurs when either soft or bony tissues are compressed within the ankle joint at the extreme end of a motion, such as pointing the foot sharply downward. It typically affects people who experience forces through their ankle at these “end-range” positions, such …